Biosensors: Components, mechanisms, and applications

Abstract

Biosensors integrate biocomponent (target analyte) to an electronic component through a transducer. This process helps in detecting changes, analyzing qualitative and quantitative aspects of biological changes. The integration of an electronic component, a transducer, results in different types of sensors that analyze the biological reaction, product of a reaction, or a response to a reaction. Biosensors have multiple levels of usage in diagnostics and therapeutics. The various applications of biosensors include biosensing in food technology applications, biotechnology, genetic engineering, nanotechnology, medical diagnostics, including cancer, enzyme studies, antibody studies, and DNA studies. Biosensors enhance sensitivity, specificity, and precision of measurements and these factors are an important consideration while developing biosensors. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.