The Macromolecular Alterations in Cladonia convoluta in Response to Lead Exposure

Abstract

In this study, structural alterations in the biomolecular profile of the Cladonia convoluta exposed to lead were investigated considering the potential of lichens in biomonitoring practices. Particularly, qualitative and quantitative changes in the lipids, polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids along with various organic acids in lead-exposed lichen were analytically analyzed using infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, the quantitative changes in chlorophyl and malondialde- hyde levels were measured by independent biochemical assays. Chlorophyll content analysis revealed a dose- and time-dependent decrease in chlorophyl content, whereas malondialdehyde content analysis revealed lipid peroxidation as a result of lead exposure. Lead exposure diminished total nucleic acid quantity, which can be an important parameter for the elucidation of heavy metal tolerance mechanisms in lichens. Furthermore, lead exposure increased the quantity of usnic acid, signifying its importance in the lichen-based decontamination of metal polluted areas