Determination of the Relationship Between Low Back Pain and Risk Factors in Türkiye Using a Population-Based Multilevel Cross-Sectional Dataset

Abstract

Objective: Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent and debilitating condition that impacts people of all ages, significantly reducing their quality of life and mobility. This study explores the relationship between LBP and various factors, including demographics, socioeconomics, and psychological aspects, using a national-level survey of family members in Türkiye. Material and Methods: Analysis utilized a multilevel populationbased cross-sectional dataset from the Turkish Household Health Survey by the Turkish Statistical Institute. The study included 8,166 families and 17,084 individuals aged 18 and above. A random-effects probit model accounted for familial heterogeneity to examine LBP prevalence and risk factors. Results: Approximately 31.9% of participants reported experiencing LBP in the previous year. Several individual and family characteristics were linked to LBP, including female gender, marriage, advancing age, higher weight, smoking, alcohol use, low education, low income, fewer children, physically demanding work, history of diseases, hypertension, and low fruit consumption. Depression had twice the impact on LBP risk compared to hypertension. Conclusion: This study sheds light on diverse factors influencing LBP in Türkiye, which should inform preventive and treatment strategies. For example, considering LBP’s multifaceted nature and susceptibility to age-related changes, healthcare providers should prioritize innovative imaging techniques for precise diagnosis. Such technologies can offer valuable insights into the root causes of pain and expedite clinical decisions.