Carbon nanomaterial modified recognition platforms for the sensing of organophosphorus simulants

Abstract

Organophosphorus (OP) simulants have been used in chemical warfare agents and pesticides since World War II and they have serious adverse effects on the nervous system. Their monitoring of air, water, soil, or food sources is a highlighted issue. Herein, carbon nanomaterials-based recognition platforms that detect the OP simulants are represented. Dimethyl methylphosphonate, malathion, parathion, methyl-parathion, paraoxon, methyl paraoxon, and chlorpyrifos are the most studied target OP simulants by using carbon nanomaterials-based recognition platforms and carbon nanotubes, graphene, and its derivatives and their nanocomposites are the most preferred carbon nanomaterials for the fabrication of these recognition platforms. The development methodologies are discussed in detail in terms of their advantages and disadvantages and, future perspectives are drawn considering the progress in this area as well as regarding the necessities of 21st century. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.