Cancer Suppression by Lymphocytes Activated by Cancer-Mediated Exosomes: an In Vitro Study

Abstract

Although exosomes were first described as cellular waste in the late 1980s, their role in cellular communication has been revealed by recent studies. In addition to components such as DNA, RNA, and protein, it is thought that it may also be associated with the immune system, as it contains tetraspanins such as CD9, CD81, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Therefore, it has been seen as a new source for immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is one of the methods used for colon cancer, which is one of the most common and deadly cancers, where traditional treatments are insufficient. In our study, we first performed exosome isolation from the CaCo-2 cell line, then lymphocyte (T lymphocyte) activation by the exosome. Then, we counted the activated lymphocytes (10,000, 20,000, 40,000, and 80,000 cells) and applied them to the CaCo-2 cell line in vitro. After 48 hours, we performed viability (MTT), antioxidant (TAC), oxidant (TOS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) analyzes. Exosome characterization was demonstrated with TEM, SEM, and AFM images. According to our results, it was seen that the lymphocytes activated by exosomes act at similar rates with the lymphocytes activated by IL-2. In the groups given 80,000 cells, a significant decrease was observed in the viability and antioxidant level of the cancer line, while an increase in oxidant and lactate levels was observed. The tumor-suppressive properties of exosomes obtained from immune cells have been demonstrated in the literature. We have successfully produced this study with our own experience and knowledge of the literature. We have successfully produced this study with our own experience and knowledge of the literature.