Exogenous proline-mediated stress tolerance in plants

Abstract

Proline has various functions in plants. Besides being the building block for protein synthesis, proline has played a significant role in the plant’s biotic and abiotic stress responses and further cellular processes. Signaling pathways are very important in responding to various stress factors in plants. Adaptation to environmental stresses in plants is generally controlled by cellular processes. In this context, data on exogenous proline application and the biosynthesis mechanism through which responses are generated under stress conditions will be expounded in this chapter. Besides heat, salinity, cold, water, drought, heavy metal exposure, etc., the response mechanisms of exogenous proline implementations in various stress factors will be elucidated. In addition, in this chapter, the mechanisms of action of proline at the molecular and gene level and its role in epigenetic regulations that have come to the fore in recent years will be discussed. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.