The comprehensive role of probiotic-derived peptides in immunomodulation

Abstract

Probiotics, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, play a crucial role in maintaining a healthy balance of gut microorganisms, ultimately affecting the individual's overall health. This includes applications for various conditions, from gastrointestinal disorders to immune-related diseases. Peptides derived from Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are complex short-chain molecules with various immunomodulatory effects. Their ability to reduce inflammation, activate immune receptors, and regulate immune cells highlights their multifaceted impact. These peptides are highly effective in the gut and interact with the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, essential for immune balance. Additionally, they strengthen the integrity of the gut barrier and prevent the migration of bacteria. Variability in their effects, depending on the strain, peptide sequence, and individual immune profile, highlights the complexity of their action. Ongoing research aims to uncover the complex mechanisms of peptides, highlighting their potential as effective disease therapies. This chapter outlines how peptides from Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus can reduce inflammation, impact immune cells, maintain gut integrity, and potentially be used as treatment options for immunomodulation. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.