The Spectral, Structral and Thermal Characterizations of Dimethyl Sulphoxide, Pyridine, Ethanolamine and N-Methyl Formamide Intercalated Kaolinites

Abstract

The intercalation of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), pyridine (Py), ethanolamine (Ea), and N-methyl formamide (NMF) molecules into the kaolinite interlayers led to an appreciable decrease of 3697 cm(-1) of the hydroxyl band. The appearance of the peaks at 3662, 3541, and 3504 cm(-1) proved that the DMSO species are intercalated between the kaolinite layers through forming H-bonds with internal-surface hydroxyl groups. The intensities of the 942 and 796 cm(-1) bending peaks arising from inner-surface hydroxyls decreased and new vibrational features appeared due to the intercalation of the guest species. The d(001) value of pure kaolinite was found at 7.18 angstrom, and the d(001) values were seen at 11.26, I 1.62, 10.77, and 10.67 angstrom for kaolinite-dimethyl sulphoxide (K-DMSO), kaolinite-pyridine (K-Py), kaolinite-ethanolamine (K-EA), and kaolinite-N-methyl formamide (K-NMF) composites, respectively. The endothermic differential thermal analysis (DTA) peaks at a temperature of 108-334 degrees C reflected the changes in the physicochemical properties of the intercalated species. The thermal stability increase followed the order of K-Py < K-NMF < K-Ea < K-DMSO. Based on the thermal analysis data, the intercalation ratios of the composites above were determined as 80.0, 40.0, 81.6, and 82.0%, respectively. The specific surface areas are affected by the intercalation geometry of the composites within the gallery spacing. The surface areas of the K-DMSO, K-Py, and K-EA complexes increased whereas the surface area of K-NMF decreased with respect to that of untreated kaolinite.