Bilecik Yüksek Hızlı Tren Garı Kaynaklı Toplu Taşıma Karbon Ayak İzi Kestirimi

Abstract

Demiryolu ulaşımının, Sanayi Devrimi sonrasında Buharlı Lokomotifler ile toplu ulaşımın bir parçası olması akabinde, fosil yakıt kullanımının gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte yerini önce dizel lokomotiflere şimdilerdeyse yerini Katener (Elektrik) hatlı ve Sinyalli yolların yapımıyla Elektrikli setler almıştır. Ülkemiz özelinde kullanımı, farklı hat güzergahları ve de aktarma olanakları gün geçtikçe artan gerek hızı gerekse kullanılan tren setlerinin (vagonlarının) ergonomik olması, gibi avantajları sebebiyle de tercih edilirliği artmakta olan Yüksek Hızlı Tren hatları ilk olarak Ankara – Eskişehir hat kesiminde kullanıma açılmıştır. Ankara – İstanbul Yüksek Hızlı Tren hattı ise ülkemizde yapımına başlanana II. Güzergâh olmuştur. Güzergaha ait imalatları, İnönü- Köseköy (II. Etap) projesi kapsamında, Bilecik ili özelinde yatırım ve yapım işlerinin tamamlanması sonrasında mevcut şehirlerarası yolcu taşımacılığı yöntemlerine alternatif olan projenin, Bilecik ilinde imalatı yapılan, Bilecik Yüksek Hızlı Tren Garı irdelenmiştir. Demiryolu ulaşımının çevreci boyutunun incelenmesinden sonra, Bilecik ilinde kurulu bulunan Yüksek Hızlı Tren garında, mevcut idari, teknik ve hizmetli personelin yanı sıra yolcu sayısı kaynaklı Hızlı Tren Garında meydana gelen Karbon Emisyonları, IPCC (Hükümetler arası İklim Değişikliği Paneli), TS EN IS 14064, yaklaşımları da irdelendikten sonra, GHG (Sera Gazı Protokolü) kapsamında hesaplanmıştır. GHG Metodolojisi Scope(Kapsam) 1, Scope II ve Scope III – Ulaştırma kaynaklı emisyonlar hesaplanmıştır. 2022 yılı Ocak – Aralık dönemindeki toplam Karbon Ayak İzi, 740,68 tonCO2e, yolcu başına oranı; 3,35 kişi kg CO2e , 2023 yılı Ocak – Aralık dönemindeki toplam Karbon Ayak İzi, 768,02 tonCO2e toplam emisyonun yolcu başına oranı; 2,89 kişi kg CO2e olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca Scope III kapsamında yıldan yıla (Ocak – Ağustos Dönemi İçin) yolcu kaynaklı oluşan dolaylı emisyonların oranları ise 2024 yılında %27 – 2023 yılında %23 – 2022 yılında %19 olarak değişim göstermektedir.ndustrial Revolution, Due to developing technology, use of fossil fuels was reduced, Firstly it was replaced by diesel locomotives. Secondly replaced by Electric Sets with the construction of Catenary (Electric) lines and Signal roads High Speed Train (YHT) lines have great advantages in which passenger capacity and overhead lines among other transportation modes. (UIC, 2016) Unexpected delays are rare, the variety of treats offered to passengers, travel times is too short compared to personal cars and the ease of integration with airlines and other railway lines are the factors what make them preferred. (Güler,2013) Some of the reasons for choosing compared HSR that are the volume of land required less and investment cost It has the lowest probability of accidents compared to all other modes of transportation proportion to. (Inan & Demir, 2017) Pasenger trends are examined, it is observed .Passenger prefers when High Speed Trains for distances between 200 km and 600 km. (Tubitak,1998) When examining High Speed Train investments, transportation should be considered as a whole, and general and accurate evaluations of different types such as environment, potential and passengers should be made. (Romero vd., 2021) Transportation types caused by emission rate on a global scale is 20%. (Assman ve Sieber, 2005) As an important alternative priority should be given to HSTs to fossil fuel intensive modes of transportation like personal vehicles and airplanes. (Kamga ve Yazici, 2014) Ankara – Eskisehir and Ankara – Konya HSR lines saved a total of 24.3 ktCO2 emissions as of 2017 It has been determined that. (Dalkic vd., 2017) Components of the transportation type is HSR lines are causes that the least carbon emission amounts per kilometer, based on the European Union network values seen as the type.. (UIC, 2021) After examining the environmental aspect of railway transportation,the Carbon Emissions resultant in the High Speed Train Station located in Bilecik province, caused from the number of passengers as well as the current administrative, technical and service personnel,.were calculated within the scope of the GHG protocol (Greenhouse Gas Protocol) after examining the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), TS EN ISO 14064 approaches. ISBN: 978-9952-8545-6-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30546/19023.978-9952-8545-6-5.2025.09. 2nd International Thales Congress on Life, Engineering, Architecture and Mathematics || Congress Proceedings Book https://www.thalescongress.com thalescongress@gmail.com 269 In GHG Protocol calculations, it is not necessary to include capital goods etc. that are not directly related to the area to be calculated. However, if they are directly related, they should be included in the calculation. (Garcia & Freire, 2014) When the Carbon Footprint of Bilecik YHT Station is evaluated in terms of the number of passengers period of the January-August periods of 2022, 2023 and 2024.In Year 2022 in the period of January- August, 125.682 total incoming-outgoing passengers and total emissions rate of 513 tons CO2e per is 4.08 kg CO2e per person, In Year 2023 in the period of January-August, 159.663 total incoming-outgoing passengers and total emissions rate of 563 tons CO2e per is 3,52 kg CO2e per person. In Year 2024 in the period of January-August, 198.390 total incoming-outgoing passengers and total emissions rate of 615,34 tons CO2e per is 3,1 kg CO2e per person. In 2022, Increasing the number of passengers because of lifting of pandemic restrictions and the increase in YHT routes. It has been determined that the YHT Station causes a decrease in the total annual or periodic carbon footprint per person due to the limited increase in emissions caused by passengers using the YHT station. Bilecik YHT Terminal is a complex whose special architecture, compared to other stations in our country, is increasing every year with its increasing passenger potential and the increasing recognition and awareness of High Speed Train lines. In addition, YHTs, which are one of the symbols of innovation in our country, should progress towards the zero emission target and raise awareness thanks to their different perspectives on sustainability, touch both the present and the future of our people, and crown their symbolic posture as advanced in reaching a greener, more environmentally friendly future.